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Digital Divide Country Profile · Asia

MM

Myanmar

Closing the digital divide, expanding meaningful connectivity, and advancing digital education and workforce participation.

Location in the world

Myanmar

Flag of Myanmar

Asia

World map showing the location of MyanmarMyanmar
🇲🇲
Population (2024)
54,500,091
Total area
676,578 km²
Area in square miles
261,228.12 mi²
Coastline
1,930 km
Base map adapted from Wikimedia Commons. Population: World Bank (2024); geography: CIA World Factbook.

National digital inclusion context

A portfolio-based view of access, capability, and outcomes.

This profile organizes the initiatives directly connected to Myanmar in the global research inventory. It follows the study's country-profile framework: national context, broadband infrastructure, inclusion practices, education and workforce connections, implementation actors, and intended contribution.

The documented portfolio emphasizes Telecommunications / Broadband Infrastructure, Last-Mile / Access Infrastructure, Mobile / Wireless Infrastructure, 3G. The profile treats infrastructure, affordability, capability, institutions, support, and outcomes as an interconnected system.

Portfolio pattern

What the documented response contains.

Counts reflect source-workbook tags. One initiative may appear in multiple infrastructure or technology categories.

Infrastructure and access

  1. Telecommunications / Broadband Infrastructure4
  2. Last-Mile / Access Infrastructure3
  3. Mobile / Wireless Infrastructure3
  4. Infrastructure Planning / Mapping / Funding2
  5. Tower / Site Infrastructure1

Specific technologies

  1. 3G1

Intervention classification

  1. Infrastructure only8
  2. Infrastructure and Specific Technology1
  3. Neither explicitly identified1

Education and workforce

Connectivity becomes consequential through participation.

0 initiatives explicitly connect to education, K–12, or college/university contexts, and 0 connect to workforce development. Other investments may enable these outcomes indirectly.

Access

Networks, service availability, devices, and connection quality.

Capability

Skills, confidence, accessibility, navigation, and support.

Participation

Education, work, health, government, and civic opportunity.

Sustainability

Governance, operations, maintenance, funding, and learning.

Project and initiative portfolio

10 documented records

Every directly tagged record is shown with details and supporting URLs preserved from the research workbook.

01

Mobile market expansion

Competitive Second-Operator Licensing Programme

2013–2014 · Nationwide
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Status / period2013–2014LocationNationwidePopulationConsumersOrganizationsGovernment of Myanmar

Introduced additional nationwide operators, sharply expanding network investment and mobile Internet availability.

Activities and approach: Competitive operator licensing

Telecommunications / Broadband Infrastructure
02

Mobile broadband

Ooredoo Nationwide 3G Network Financing and Rollout

2014–ongoing legacy · Nationwide
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Status / period2014–ongoing legacyLocationNationwidePopulationMobile Internet usersOrganizationsOoredoo Myanmar; IFC/financiers

Financed and deployed a new nationwide 3G entrant network during sector liberalization.

Activities and approach: 3G mobile broadband

Mobile / Wireless InfrastructureLast-Mile / Access Infrastructure3G
03

Telecom market reform

Telecom Sector Reform – Interconnection and Access Regulation

2013–ongoing/legacy · Nationwide
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Status / period2013–ongoing/legacyLocationNationwidePopulationConsumers and service providersOrganizationsMinistry of Transport and Communications; World Bank

Wholesale/interconnection rules supporting competitive service to improve availability and affordability.

Activities and approach: Regulatory reform; market liberalization

04

Telecom market reform

Telecom Sector Reform – New Operator Licensing

2013–ongoing/legacy · Nationwide
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Status / period2013–ongoing/legacyLocationNationwidePopulationConsumers and service providersOrganizationsMinistry of Transport and Communications; World Bank

Competition reform and network expansion to improve availability and affordability.

Activities and approach: Regulatory reform; market liberalization

Last-Mile / Access Infrastructure
05

Telecom market reform

Telecom Sector Reform – Numbering and Regulatory Capacity

2013–ongoing/legacy · Nationwide
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Status / period2013–ongoing/legacyLocationNationwidePopulationConsumers and service providersOrganizationsMinistry of Transport and Communications; World Bank

Regulatory systems needed for competitive telecom expansion to improve availability and affordability.

Activities and approach: Regulatory reform; market liberalization

Telecommunications / Broadband Infrastructure
06

Telecom market reform

Telecom Sector Reform – Spectrum Management Modernization

2013–ongoing/legacy · Nationwide
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Status / period2013–ongoing/legacyLocationNationwidePopulationConsumers and service providersOrganizationsMinistry of Transport and Communications; World Bank

Spectrum allocation and management supporting mobile broadband to improve availability and affordability.

Activities and approach: Regulatory reform; market liberalization

Mobile / Wireless Infrastructure
07

Digital access expansion

Telecommunications Reform Project – Nationwide Access Expansion

2013–2021 results · Nationwide
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Status / period2013–2021 resultsLocationNationwidePopulationGeneral populationOrganizationsGovernment of Myanmar; World Bank

Sector reforms helped expand Internet and telecom access from very low baseline levels.

Activities and approach: Licensing; regulatory reform; network investment

Telecommunications / Broadband Infrastructure
08

Rural mobile/broadband coverage

Universal Service Fund – 33 Township Rural Coverage Project

Procurement / implementation · 33 townships
View details
Status / periodProcurement / implementationLocation33 townshipsPopulationRural communities in coverage gapsOrganizationsMinistry of Transport and Communications; USF

Uses universal-service financing to extend telecom service into commercially underserved areas.

Activities and approach: Mobile/broadband sites; subsidy

Telecommunications / Broadband InfrastructureInfrastructure Planning / Mapping / Funding
09

Mobile coverage

USF Rural Highway Mobile Coverage Requirement

USF implementation stream · Road corridors in target townships
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Status / periodUSF implementation streamLocationRoad corridors in target townshipsPopulationTravelers and communities along uncovered roadsOrganizationsMOTC; USF providers

Requires network expansion along underserved road corridors as part of universal-service delivery.

Activities and approach: Mobile towers; road coverage

Last-Mile / Access InfrastructureTower / Site Infrastructure
10

National broadband planning

Wireless Broadband Masterplan

2012–implementation framework · Nationwide
View details
Status / period2012–implementation frameworkLocationNationwidePopulationConsumers, operators and public institutionsOrganizationsGovernment of Myanmar; ITU

Established a structured roadmap for expanding wireless broadband and spectrum use.

Activities and approach: Wireless broadband planning; spectrum strategy

Mobile / Wireless InfrastructureInfrastructure Planning / Mapping / Funding

Evidence boundary

Read the portfolio as a starting point, not a final verdict.

Project records document interventions and intended contributions; they do not alone prove nationwide coverage, causal impact, or durable closure.

Profiles will deepen as national statistics, policy documents, evaluations, and implementation evidence are incorporated. Source links allow inspection of underlying evidence.

Evidence and contextProfile Sources

These sources support the country-level demographic, geographic, and connectivity context. Sources tied to individual projects remain with their project records and are not repeated here.

  1. Central Intelligence Agency. (n.d.). Myanmar. The World Factbook. Retrieved September 26, 2026, from https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/myanmar/
  2. International Telecommunication Union. (n.d.). ITU DataHub: Country ICT data. Retrieved September 26, 2026, from https://datahub.itu.int/
  3. World Bank. (n.d.). Individuals using the Internet (% of population): Myanmar. World Development Indicators. Retrieved September 26, 2026, from https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/IT.NET.USER.ZS?locations=MM
  4. World Bank. (n.d.). Population, total: Myanmar. World Development Indicators. Retrieved September 26, 2026, from https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.POP.TOTL?locations=MM

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