United States

Would raise the federal benchmark used to measure broadband gaps and direct policy attention toward service capable of supporting modern household, educational, and economic needs.

Activities and approach: Update the national broadband standard from 25 Mbps to 100 Mbps; use a more ambitious benchmark in federal deployment assessment and policy

Reconfigured licensing of unassigned Educational Broadband Service spectrum for flexible use and a commercial overlay auction while retaining existing licenses.

Activities and approach: Overlay auction framework; flexible-use licensing; removal of educational-use restrictions; treatment of existing EBS leases and licenses

Proposed pairing a voluntary incentive auction for 5G spectrum with dedicated proceeds for student home connectivity.

Activities and approach: Voluntary license relinquishment; nationwide reauction; compensation for EBS licensees; hotspot loans and other Homework Gap programs

Reserved an early opportunity for Tribal entities to obtain unassigned 2.5 GHz licenses before broader auction assignment.

Activities and approach: Priority application window; local Tribal spectrum licensing; prospective broadband network deployment

Closed internal Wi-Fi capacity gaps by redirecting E-Rate resources toward modern networks and measurable broadband capacity goals.

Activities and approach: $1 billion annual Wi-Fi target; short- and long-term capacity goals; phaseout of legacy technologies; pricing transparency; bulk purchasing

Reopened and modernized the federal loan and loan-guarantee framework for rural broadband construction and acquisition.

Activities and approach: Updated eligibility, mapping, incumbent review, lending-speed, affordability, and application requirements under 7 CFR Part 1738

Sought enforceable safeguards against blocking, discriminatory priority, and opaque network practices that could constrain meaningful use of broadband.

Activities and approach: Transparency enhancements; revived no-blocking rule; commercial-reasonableness screen; Section 706 and Title II analysis; ombudsperson and dispute process

Raised the federal advanced-broadband benchmark and used the resulting gap analysis to trigger a statutory inquiry into immediate actions to accelerate deployment and adoption.

Activities and approach: Adopt 25 Mbps download/3 Mbps upload fixed benchmark; analyze rural, Tribal, territorial, school, price, quality, and adoption gaps; seek barrier-removal and competition measures

Reduced prohibitive calling costs that constrained family contact and access to communications services.

Activities and approach: Intrastate and interstate rate caps; ancillary-fee limits; flat-rate ban; free or discounted relay service; annual provider reporting; two-year review

Proposed restructuring Lifeline around broadband affordability, service quality, provider competition, neutral eligibility verification, and stronger program integrity.

Activities and approach: $9.25 subsidy review; voice and broadband minimum standards; broadband provider requirements; national verifier; benefit-program coordination; vouchers; budget review; eligibility-document retention

Established enforceable protections against blocking, throttling, paid prioritization, and unreasonable interference in Internet use.

Activities and approach: Title II reclassification with forbearance; Section 706 and Title III authority; bright-line rules; general conduct standard; transparency; interconnection complaint review; safe-harbor disclosures

Strengthened trust and meaningful use of broadband by giving consumers control, notice, security, and breach protections for ISP-held data.

Activities and approach: Opt-in consent for sensitive data; opt-out for other identifiable data; persistent notices; reasonable security; breach notification; voice-rule harmonization

Converted the Lifeline subsidy into a broadband-capable benefit with service standards, market entry, neutral eligibility verification, and budget controls.

Activities and approach: $9.25 support for stand-alone or bundled broadband; minimum fixed/mobile standards; Lifeline Broadband Providers; National Eligibility Verifier; data transparency; budget trigger

Strengthened the administrative integrity of subsidized communications access so limited support could reach eligible households while restoring state oversight and clarifying carrier responsibilities.

Activities and approach: Restore and clarify state ETC-designation authority; share program data with states; regulate enrollment representatives; improve enrollment and recertification; apply risk-based audits and reimbursement controls

Proposed restoring the FCC’s 2015 Open Internet protections and enforcement authority.

Activities and approach: Congressional bill to reinstate net-neutrality rules; legislative review and debate

Updated program administration and support calculations intended to improve transparency, predictability, and allocation of rural health-care connectivity funding.

Activities and approach: Gift rule; competitive-bidding extensions; service-delivery deadlines; accessible program data; median-rate support methodology; prioritization and consortium rules

Evaluated whether Lifeline’s broadband transition, minimum standards, enrollment systems, and provider offerings were closing affordability and adoption gaps, and identified areas for further action.

Activities and approach: Subscriber and usage analysis; broadband-adoption review; minimum-service-standard assessment; rural and Tribal access analysis; affordability and performance-measure recommendations; provider-plan reporting considerations

Provides auditable measures of farm internet access, connection types, devices, and precision-agriculture adoption.

Activities and approach: National census; broadband/cellular/satellite categories; GPS; drones; robotic milking

Proposed improving the accuracy, fairness, and speed of rural-health connectivity support while protecting the fund from waste, fraud, and abuse.

Activities and approach: Revisit Telecom Program rate determination and rurality measures; revise service categories and forms; limit the internal cap when demand does not exceed funding; prioritize current-year support; simplify invoicing; expedite commitments

Committed a national party platform to restoring the expired affordability benefit while continuing infrastructure investment toward affordable, reliable high-speed Internet for every household.

Activities and approach: Fight to reinstate the Affordable Connectivity Program; continue Bipartisan Infrastructure Law broadband buildout; pursue universal affordable high-speed access; emphasize access for rural households and people with disabilities

Combines infrastructure, adoption, and socioeconomic variables into a descriptive score to guide local discussion and intervention priorities.

Activities and approach: ACS data; Ookla speed data; index construction; state trends; interactive mapping

Raised the federal fixed-broadband standard to reflect modern use and established a forward-looking gigabit goal for measuring deployment progress and the remaining digital divide.

Activities and approach: Adopt 100 Mbps download/20 Mbps upload fixed benchmark; establish 1 Gbps/500 Mbps long-term goal; assess 35/3 Mbps 5G-NR coverage; evaluate affordability, adoption, availability, equitable access, and school connectivity; issue negative Section 706 finding

Changes the governing BEAD implementation framework to reopen competition across technologies, prioritize cost efficiency, preserve a statutory low-cost option, and require corrected proposals.

Activities and approach: Remove specified nonstatutory requirements; conduct a Benefit of the Bargain round; evaluate priority and alternative technologies neutrally; permit unlicensed fixed wireless and LEO capacity subgrants under conditions; optimize eligible locations; revise scoring; submit corrected initial and final proposals; apply permitting and performance rules

Advanced a concrete auction of shared mid-band licenses suitable for broad-coverage 5G service and local wireless innovation.

Activities and approach: Auction of 70 MHz of Priority Access Licenses; revised 3.5 GHz licensing rules; shared-spectrum deployment

Sought evidence-based coexistence between unlicensed broadband use and vehicle-safety communications.

Activities and approach: FCC-led interference testing and modeling; DOT vehicle-safety testing; stakeholder prototypes; comparable public data; open-docket results

Coordinated spectrum, wireless infrastructure, fiber, and regulatory actions to accelerate secure, reliable 5G deployment.

Activities and approach: Facilitate America’s Superiority in 5G Technology; spectrum auctions; small-cell reform; fiber deployment; regulatory modernization

Would redirect competitive universal-service support toward advanced rural 5G deployment after MF-II mapping data proved unreliable.

Activities and approach: Reverse auction; 5G rural coverage; precision-agriculture set-aside; mapping-dependent targeting

Expanded unlicensed mid-band capacity for Wi-Fi and other technologies while protecting incumbent users, supporting faster and more reliable local connectivity.

Activities and approach: Opened the full 1,200 MHz 6 GHz band for unlicensed use; interference protections; Wi-Fi and innovation test bed

Explored expanded use of underused high-band spectrum to improve the links carrying traffic from network edges to core infrastructure.

Activities and approach: Rulemaking proceeding; spectrum-use modernization; reliable 5G backhaul; new-service exploration

Enabled deployment of 4G LTE broadband using a legacy mobile spectrum band.

Activities and approach: Updated cellular-band rules; authorization of LTE broadband services

Enabled low-band spectrum to support mission-critical broadband for essential infrastructure industries, improving resilient communications capacity.

Activities and approach: Modernized 900 MHz rules; broadband deployment for critical-infrastructure entities; mission-critical communications

Proposed accelerating private investment to near-universal future-proof fixed networks without crowding out existing deployment.

Activities and approach: Flexible direct finance; reverse auctions; matching funds; tax treatment; streamlined siting, pole, dig-once and federal-property processes; oversight

Creates reliable, future-proof household connectivity and local economic capacity through a network designed and owned by the Band.

Activities and approach: Conduct feasibility and engineering; deploy interim public hotspots; build FTTH; connect homes and institutions; offer local service and technical support; expand to remaining reservation locations

Provides practical safeguards and alternatives so digitized courts and legal services do not deny due process or legal assistance to people without reliable access or skills.

Activities and approach: Maintain phone, paper, and in-person options; use accessible low-bandwidth tools; provide multilingual plain-language websites and guides; partner with community centers; host workshops; operate support hotlines; deploy SMS legal aid, kiosks, and accessible AI tools; advocate hybrid court policy

Reduces the student device-ownership gap by distributing refurbished laptops through trusted education and community partners.

Activities and approach: Laptop distribution; refurbished devices; community-based student technology access

Models how technology choices, program costs, provider match, and affordability requirements affect the share of eligible locations that Texas can serve.

Activities and approach: Estimate eligible locations; model baseline and maximum-fiber scenarios; compare fiber, fixed wireless, and satellite; estimate BEAD and provider capital; analyze cost and low-cost-option sensitivity

Calls for modern speed obligations, sustainable networks, and affordable service under two existing rural support programs.

Activities and approach: FCC rulemaking; program updates; speed requirements; network sustainability

Would require executive agencies to improve tracking and timely processing of communications-use applications that can delay broadband construction.

Activities and approach: Application-data controls; processing-time tracking; agency improvement plans and reporting

Connects federal investment data with access, adoption, and economic indicators to improve coordination, transparency, and evidence-based planning.

Activities and approach: Publish annual Federal Broadband Funding Report and Dashboard; coordinate data from 12 agencies and 68 programs; maintain Federal Funding Website; integrate NTIA, ACS, Census, and mapping data in ACCESS BROADBAND Dashboard

Proposes a technology-diverse national strategy that combines high-capacity terrestrial networks with wide-reach satellite service and resilient hybrid connectivity.

Activities and approach: Invest in fiber expansion, 5G, network modernization, LEO and high-throughput satellites; streamline terrestrial and satellite permitting; improve spectrum allocation; use BEAD and public-private partnerships; integrate networks with AI-assisted management

Would reduce disproportionate securities-reporting costs so small providers can focus resources on operating and expanding rural broadband networks.

Activities and approach: Permit streamlined SEC financial reporting for qualifying rural telecommunications providers; reduce compliance burdens

Extended interoperable text, voice, and high-quality video calling beyond closed relay-service systems.

Activities and approach: Open-source, standards-based desktop and mobile applications interoperable with VRS and TRS providers

using connected community colleges as anchor institutions and launching points for last-mile expansion into underserved rural communities

Activities and approach: Fiber interconnection of colleges, anchor institution participation, middle-mile connectivity and last-mile branching into surrounding areas

Demonstrated disparate false-positive risks that can create a technology-enabled equity divide in policing and public decision making.

Activities and approach: Facial-recognition comparison of members of Congress against mugshots; documentation of false matches

Enabled qualifying providers to offer an enhanced monthly broadband discount where standard support could not sustain network operations.

Activities and approach: Economic-hardship applications; income statements; affidavits; USAC review; public approval list

Funded public institutions to help households complete ACP applications using trusted navigator access.

Activities and approach: Community outreach; National Verifier assistance; eligibility, merit, and risk review

Established recurring evidence on the prices, subscriptions, speeds, data limits, and out-of-pocket costs associated with subsidized broadband plans.

Activities and approach: Require annual provider filings; collect plan identifiers, prices, fees, subscription counts, speeds, latency, data caps and overages; protect PII and proprietary data; publish machine-readable results; evaluate ACP performance and digital-equity impacts

closing geographic connectivity gaps for essential education and healthcare institutions using existing infrastructure

Activities and approach: Regional carriers deploy hybrid fiber-copper networking to extend broadband into remote schools and healthcare sites

Moves Colorado’s BEAD allocation into an open state competition designed to achieve universal reliable broadband coverage.

Activities and approach: Accept applications; publish eligible locations and maps; score proposals; prioritize rural areas and fiber while allowing other compliant technologies; award grants to providers, cooperatives, nonprofits, and local governments

Established private, comfortable community sites where veterans could connect by broadband to VA health-care providers.

Activities and approach: Local telehealth access stations; community, private-company, and veterans-organization partnerships; digital-literacy support

Seeks faster near-term connectivity and less costly implementation by increasing state flexibility and permitting interim technologies while permanent networks are built.

Activities and approach: Waive nonstatutory fiber, workforce, and price requirements; simplify NTIA review and challenge processes; allow a portion of allocations for transitional LEO coupons or other niche technologies; preserve technology neutrality

Reduced monthly broadband costs and offered enhanced support for qualifying Tribal households.

Activities and approach: Monthly service subsidy; eligibility through assistance programs

Directly lowers the cost of home or mobile broadband and offers a device discount, enabling education, work, telehealth, and digital participation.

Activities and approach: $30/month discount; up to $75/month on Tribal lands/high-cost areas; one-time device discount up to $100.

Proposed additional appropriations to extend the ACP while Congress considered longer-term broadband affordability policy.

Activities and approach: Federal legislation; ACP reauthorization and funding extension

Reduced enrollment friction by allowing trained, neutral public entities to assist applicants through the National Verifier.

Activities and approach: National Verifier access; representative registration; training and office hours; application assistance

Reduced bill shock and service disruption as finite ACP funding approached depletion.

Activities and approach: Consumer and provider notices; enrollment freeze; claims timing; partial-month guidance; transition to low-income offerings

The proposed program targets an emerging AI access and skills divide by expanding school access to AI tools, dedicated learning environments, curricula, and teacher capacity. It is designed to reduce disparities between students who already have access to advanced AI learning resources and those whose schools lack comparable technology and instructional support.

Activities and approach: Create or use a U.S. Department of Education grant program for dedicated AI labs; support AI curriculum and teacher training; examine equitable distribution of AI resources; strengthen AI literacy and readiness

Democratizes access to advanced AI tools and training across a large public university system so students at differently resourced campuses can develop AI literacy and workforce skills.

Activities and approach: Systemwide AI tools and training; ChatGPT Edu; AI Commons Hub; AI Workforce Acceleration Board; faculty development; AI literacy; micro-internships and applied learning

addressing unequal access to AI skills by providing a free, structured statewide micro-credential pathway

Activities and approach: Free online AI literacy micro-credential; university-industry-government curriculum and credentialing partnership

Documents and disseminates scalable library practices that sustained connectivity during COVID-19 and informs long-term investment in library broadband and digital inclusion.

Activities and approach: Synthesize nationwide practices and cases; document outdoor Wi-Fi, hotspot and device lending, mobile access, technical support, partnerships, and emergency funding; publish policy findings and investment recommendations

Calls for libraries to be embedded in state and local digital equity governance and funding as trusted, scalable delivery partners with established community reach and infrastructure.

Activities and approach: State library agency participation; school and academic library inclusion; streamlined grant eligibility; collaborative models; national aggregation of outcomes and best practices

Builds a statewide fiber backbone that enables local last-mile providers to reach residents and directly strengthens anchor-institution connectivity.

Activities and approach: Construct middle-mile fiber across all counties; connect medical and educational anchors; provide interconnection opportunities for local ISPs; coordinate elected officials and local leaders; leverage time-limited state and federal funds; support last-mile expansion

Reduced geographic barriers to learning through portable recording and live-streaming technology.

Activities and approach: Five portable Mediasite kits; recorded repository; live streaming.

Combines state, federal, county, and cooperative resources to extend fiber-grade service to remaining rural locations and reach universal county coverage.

Activities and approach: Earlier VATI-supported DSL projects; VATI FY2022 award; $2 million U.S. Treasury ARPA contribution; Firefly Fiber Broadband construction; 7,000-mile regional cooperative network leverage

Used federal experimental universal-service support to extend broadband infrastructure through a locally rooted electric cooperative.

Activities and approach: Participate in the FCC Connect America Fund Rural Broadband Experiments Program; deploy rural broadband through cooperative infrastructure and governance

Used cooperative broadband infrastructure to deliver online workforce training and connect a remote community with national research and conservation partners.

Activities and approach: Operate a nonprofit research site; collaborate with universities; support wildlife and conservation projects; provide online workforce-development training

Created member-owned telephone and fiber broadband infrastructure where residents previously lacked dependable communications and emergency access.

Activities and approach: Form a community cooperative; build telephone service and an FTTH network; provide broadband and emergency connectivity; support local research activity

Pairs trained pre-health students with patients so digital portals, video visits, and related tools become usable and culturally responsive rather than new barriers to care.

Activities and approach: Train pre-health students as Alma Fellows; provide compassionate one-to-one digital navigation; help patients use portals and video visits; build culturally and linguistically responsive support

Would impose enforceable permit timelines so broadband projects cannot be indefinitely delayed, while retaining a defined local-government review role.

Activities and approach: Codify FCC permitting reforms; establish shot clocks; automatically grant qualifying permits when authorities miss deadlines; extend a similar framework to terrestrial broadband; monitor consistency and transparency; encourage early provider-authority communication

Provided free Internet and in-person help so veterans could reach online employment and training resources.

Activities and approach: Free public Internet; CareerOneStop tools; specialist navigation; veteran-focused employment resources

Assesses how the POWER portfolio—including broadband planning and deployment projects—builds community capacity, supports remote work and business opportunities, reaches underserved groups, and sustains results.

Activities and approach: Review ARC grant and closeout data for 137 projects; interview closed-project staff; survey grantees; analyze outputs, outcomes, equity reach, sustained impacts, and measurement quality; recommend evaluation improvements

expanding high-speed broadband availability to locations that previously lacked adequate service or greater choice

Activities and approach: Fiber construction completed August 2026 and commercial service launched

Builds local implementation capacity and makes digital public services and health access more inclusive through trained specialists, accessibility standards, dashboards, and navigated support.

Activities and approach: Form accessibility task force; develop standards toolkit and training; designate and train Local and Tribal Digital Equity Specialists; support local plans and grant readiness; map resources; establish telehealth access points and bilingual Digital Health Navigators

Creates a sustainable statewide ecosystem for appropriate devices by combining local distribution centers, donation and refurbishment partnerships, affordability benchmarks, mapping, and user support.

Activities and approach: Define center criteria and affordability benchmark; map resources; run awareness campaigns; coordinate device providers and reentry partners; solicit donations and subsidies; promote refurbishment; match devices and assistive features to individual needs

Establishes Arizona’s initial roadmap for using nearly $1 billion to achieve universal 100/20 Mbps service while coordinating adoption, affordability, workforce, anchor, and public-sector outcomes.

Activities and approach: Identify eligible locations; mitigate deployment and regulatory barriers; streamline permitting and rights of way; run competitive data-driven grants; prefer end-to-end fiber below EHCPLT; coordinate middle-mile and public investments; require affordable options; support devices, digital skills, workforce, community anchors, and transparent engagement

Translates Arizona’s BEAD objectives into operational rules for universal connectivity, subgrantee selection, low-cost service, workforce readiness, permitting, and accountability.

Activities and approach: Run fair deployment and non-deployment competitions; prioritize universal coverage; require 100/20 Mbps service and qualifying CAI connectivity; coordinate locally and with Tribes; apply affordability scoring and a low-cost option; develop workforce capacity; streamline permitting; monitor performance

Uses E-Rate and state coordination to connect schools while highlighting the remaining home-access gap.

Activities and approach: School broadband; E-Rate coordination

Establishes a statewide framework integrating infrastructure, affordability, inclusive public services, navigation, workforce skills, online safety, appropriate devices, and local and Tribal implementation.

Activities and approach: Implement five goals and measurable objectives; coordinate state agencies, Tribal and local governments, community organizations, libraries, health and workforce partners; align with BEAD; monitor progress through working groups and data

Expands tailored, multilingual training and navigation while connecting digital inclusion to BEAD jobs, education, reentry, and a recognized high-school literacy credential.

Activities and approach: Map training gaps; expand navigator networks and train-the-trainer programs; provide multilingual resources; assess skills over repeated interactions; coordinate workforce training and apprenticeships; create State Seal of Digital Literacy; deliver corrections programming

Creates durable governance so corridor investments, state assets, grants, public needs, and last-mile programs function as one statewide system.

Activities and approach: Establish Broadband Office governance structure; expand coordination authority; define roles for ADOT, ADOA, education and Sun Corridor partners; integrate last-mile grants; evaluate ROI; inventory and maximize state fiber and conduit; support policy and regulatory changes

Prioritizes backbone routes that can lower last-mile costs, increase provider choice, connect population centers, and support public-sector communications.

Activities and approach: Complete commercial due diligence and market outreach; assess state-led and private delivery; procure open-access corridors; establish points of presence; aggregate public needs; coordinate rights of way, grants, and co-investment

Coordinates infrastructure investment with trusted enrollment support and public information so availability gains lead to affordable household adoption.

Activities and approach: Identify locations below 100/20 Mbps; streamline permitting and rights of way; run data-driven infrastructure grants; train and support digital navigators; collaborate with ISPs; promote ACP successors and other low-cost offers; publicize free anchor access

Extends backbone capacity beyond interstate corridors to communities that otherwise remain too distant or costly for last-mile investment.

Activities and approach: Validate priority segments; conduct commercial due diligence and stakeholder consultation; assess public and private implementation; coordinate local, Tribal, utility, and provider participation; create interconnection points

Reduces safety and privacy barriers to adoption by providing accessible cyber-awareness training and trusted, multichannel outreach.

Activities and approach: Partner with the Arizona Department of Homeland Security; deliver online-safety and cybersecurity training; share threat information; conduct in-person Tribal engagement; use radio, billboards, flyers, social media, and public forums

directing BEAD funds and an end-to-end project-management process toward universal coverage of eligible Arkansas locations

Activities and approach: BEAD grant awards; coverage analysis; provider selection; digital BEAD Fund Manager platform; compliance and deployment oversight

ARPA subsidies supported community-owned/cooperative fiber expansions offering low-cost gigabit service in some markets.

Activities and approach: Fiber; community/cooperative networks

Combined federal stimulus and county funding to make a capital-intensive cooperative fiber network feasible in a sparsely populated region.

Activities and approach: Plan and construct cooperative fiber infrastructure; combine federal stimulus support with a county grant; extend high-capacity service across the project area

Introduced broadband as a graded national infrastructure category and paired a C+ assessment with actionable funding, data, uptake, resilience, and construction recommendations.

Activities and approach: Assess access, adoption, financing, workforce, cybersecurity, and resilience; assign a grade; recommend predictable affordability funding, improved service data, state reporting, vulnerable-community partnerships, life-cycle planning, dig-once policies, and current pole standards

Provides a community location for connectivity, computers, digital learning and device support.

Activities and approach: Connected Learning Center resources; free laptops; digital learning support

Creates trusted community access points offering free internet, computers, and digital literacy support, thereby combining access, device availability, skills, and adoption support in one local setting.

Activities and approach: Operate community access centers; provide internet access and computers; deliver digital literacy support; partner with local nonprofit and community organizations

Provides refurbished laptops and workshops so parents can support children’s online learning.

Activities and approach: Laptop refurbishment and distribution; customized workshops

Provides refurbished laptops and school supplies to improve internet access, education, employment, and independent living.

Activities and approach: Laptop refurbishment and distribution; nonprofit recipient selection; school-supply distribution

providing a stable community location for free internet, computers and learning support under AT&T’s national Connected Learning Center network

Activities and approach: Connected computer lab; free internet; educational and digital-skills resources

Enforced accurate disclosure of network-management practices and data-plan limitations so consumers could make informed connectivity choices.

Activities and approach: $100 million proposed forfeiture; investigation of Maximum Bit Rate policy; enforcement of Open Internet Transparency Rule

Lowered recurring fixed and mobile connectivity costs for veterans.

Activities and approach: 25% discount on eligible wireless plans; $15 monthly discount on selected broadband services

Reduced price, equipment, installation, and awareness barriers for qualifying low-income households through a tiered home-broadband offer and targeted enrollment outreach.

Activities and approach: Offer up to 10 or 5 Mbps for no more than $10 monthly and 3 Mbps for no more than $5; waive installation and modem fees; conduct community, school, and media outreach; file reports

Extended gigabit-capable fiber offers to education and library anchors that can provide high-capacity access and community digital resources.

Activities and approach: Offer 1 Gbps FTTP service; identify eligible institutions; conduct outreach; provide deployment and subscription reporting

Expanded fiber-to-the-premises availability to 12.5 million customer locations beyond AT&T’s pre-merger plans, with explicit attention to underserved geographies.

Activities and approach: Build and offer FTTP capable of high-speed broadband to 12.5 million mass-market locations; document incremental deployment; report progress and compliance

Protected broadband affordability and open access by limiting discriminatory data-allowance practices and requiring public interconnection-performance disclosures.

Activities and approach: Apply equivalent usage-based allowance terms without favoring affiliated video; disclose interconnection agreements, capacity, utilization, and congestion metrics; certify compliance

Completed a $40 million fiber build using county ARPA funding, AT&T investment, competitive procurement, and permitting support.

Activities and approach: Fiber deployment; RFP; ARPA match; permits; rights-of-way

reducing the home-device barrier by giving young people individual refurbished computers

Activities and approach: Distribution of 100 refurbished laptop/Chromebook devices through a community youth organization

reducing the home-device barrier for students and families

Activities and approach: Distribution of refurbished laptops to youth through a community organization

Extends fiber to a large concentration of disconnected urban premises through a city-provider partnership.

Activities and approach: Plan and construct fiber facilities; coordinate municipal and provider deployment; connect more than 22,000 locations; document community experience through public awareness media

placing computers directly with students who may otherwise lack adequate devices for school participation.

Activities and approach: Distribute laptops and backpacks through a community partnership

reducing the device gap while linking e-waste recycling with community technology access

Activities and approach: Distribution of 100 refurbished laptops in Atlanta as part of a 1,000-laptop back-to-school effort and AT&T retail e-waste campaign

Provides free refurbished laptops to households that lack devices while linking device access to an e-waste reuse model that can generate additional computers for community distribution.

Activities and approach: Distribution of 115 refurbished laptops; national Retail E-Waste Campaign; Compudopt refurbishment; lottery selection

closing the device-access gap for students at the start of the school year

Activities and approach: Distribution of 100 refurbished laptops and backpacks with school supplies through a local community event

Provides direct device access to households facing economic barriers and connects that hardware support to broader technology education and internet-access assistance, reducing the device and adoption components of the digital divide.

Activities and approach: Donation and distribution of 67 refurbished laptops; device refurbishment; technology education; internet-access assistance

providing personal computers to students who lack the technology needed for schoolwork and digital learning.

Activities and approach: Distribute 66 laptops to students through community partners

Pairs digital-literacy instruction with take-home computer access, addressing the common gap in which participants receive training but lack a reliable device afterward.

Activities and approach: 205 refurbished laptop distribution; digital literacy classes; employment and service access; device refurbishment

converting collected e-waste into refurbished computers with connectivity and software, reducing device and affordability barriers for selected local residents.

Activities and approach: Collect e-waste; refurbish laptops; lottery-based recipient selection; distribute laptops with service, internet and Microsoft Office

Combines subsidized connectivity, technology access and digital-literacy resources at national scale through a long-running nonprofit partnership.

Activities and approach: Affordable internet support; devices; digital-literacy resources; community distribution and support

providing school-use technology directly to children who might otherwise lack an adequate computer.

Activities and approach: Distribute laptops and backpacks to YMCA students; support school-year technology access

Builds a new fiber network intended to overcome chronic underinvestment and make high-speed fixed broadband broadly available across East Cleveland.

Activities and approach: Construct fiber infrastructure; coordinate public-private implementation; extend service availability across the city; complete and activate the network

Reduces adoption and confidence barriers among older adults by providing guided exposure to emerging digital tools in a trusted community setting and linking immersive applications to reliable connectivity.

Activities and approach: Hands-on VR training; guided immersive travel and learning experiences; cognitive and therapeutic activities; 5G-connected headsets; hotspot/Wi-Fi connectivity; remote device management and analytics

Builds digital capability and adoption support for people and communities affected by digital exclusion, addressing skills and participation barriers.

Activities and approach: Digital-skills training; adoption support

providing free connected computing infrastructure and learning support in a community technology hub

Activities and approach: High-speed fiber/Wi-Fi; 15 computers; educational tools and digital-skills support

Made a record quantity of high-band spectrum available for expanded 5G capacity and service.

Activities and approach: Incentive-auction procedures; simultaneous sale of 3,400 MHz across three bands

Reduced enrollment burden and fraud through automated initial and ongoing eligibility verification.

Activities and approach: Government-data matching; automated eligibility verification; integration of common qualifying programs

Tailored technology mentoring to improve rural business efficiency and growth.

Activities and approach: Needs assessment; customized technology training; mentoring.

Coordinates fiber, devices, skills, technical support, affordability, data, partnerships, and sustainable funding to narrow the city's digital divide.

Activities and approach: Strategic planning; community engagement; fiber; devices; training; support

Builds culturally competent training, train-the-trainer capacity, academic and health partnerships, and neighborhood technology-support hubs.

Activities and approach: Digital skills; multilingual materials; train-the-trainer; tech hubs; technical support

Prioritizes future-proof fiber, new backbone and connection investments, competition, and deployment to public housing.

Activities and approach: Municipal fiber; backbone expansion; leased access; public-private partnerships

Expands outreach, helps residents access subsidized services, reduces enrollment barriers, and seeks sustainable funding after ACP uncertainty.

Activities and approach: ACP outreach; enrollment assistance; agency coordination; sustainability planning

Used federal experimental universal-service support to finance cooperative broadband expansion in underserved rural Virginia.

Activities and approach: Participate in the FCC Connect America Fund Rural Broadband Experiments Program; build rural broadband through electric-cooperative infrastructure

Provides intensive coding, application development, and leadership preparation for software careers.

Activities and approach: Coding; app development; workplace and leadership skills

Addresses the skills and support side of the digital divide by providing trusted local assistance for device use, online services, and digital participation.

Activities and approach: Digital navigator; one-on-one tech assistance; workshops; public computer and Wi-Fi support; hotspot guidance

Moves BEAD from planning into approved implementation, enabling network construction and service delivery.

Activities and approach: State final proposals; award agreements; technology-neutral deployment

New FCC maps and state challenge processes improve targeting and reduce waste from inaccurate eligibility data.

Activities and approach: National Broadband Map; challenges; location-specific program design

Would evaluate broadband as a 30-year public investment and prioritize fiber designed for projected 2055 demand rather than treating today’s minimum threshold as the final outcome.

Activities and approach: Set a 10 Gbps target; prioritize fiber-to-the-premises where grid power exists; assess lifecycle capacity; distinguish eligibility thresholds from long-term build standards; use grant scoring to favor scalable networks

Original BEAD rules allowed cybersecurity training, remote learning, digital navigators, subsidies, workforce and coordination alongside infrastructure.

Activities and approach: Broadband deployment; adoption; workforce; navigators; remote learning

Evaluates how low-cost options, price restraints, subsidy design, and competitive awards could affect affordability, deployment, adoption, and long-term investment.

Activities and approach: Legal and economic analysis; low-cost service options; competitive bidding; subsidy and price-policy recommendations

Seeks to reduce avoidable compliance cost and delay while preserving public-interest protections, thereby increasing provider participation and accelerating deployment.

Activities and approach: Waive full environmental and historic reviews when projects meet categorical exclusions; apply streamlined treatment to occupied federal-land corridors; replace broad asset-lien requirements with less intrusive public-interest safeguards; clarify compliance rules

Allows eligible entities to structure qualifying broadband-infrastructure subawards as fixed amounts when scope and pricing evidence support the award.

Activities and approach: Fixed-amount subawards; measurable goals; cost and pricing analysis; monitoring

Provides large-scale infrastructure funding complementary to digital equity programs.

Activities and approach: Broadband infrastructure deployment

Defines the hierarchy and technical standards for fiber, other reliable broadband, fixed wireless, unlicensed wireless, and LEO satellite proposals.

Activities and approach: Technology definitions; 100/20 standards; latency; high-cost threshold; competitive scoring

Guides states toward priority fiber and reliable broadband while allowing alternative technologies for high-cost locations and requiring documentation of universal-coverage efforts.

Activities and approach: Applicant competition; fixed subawards; project-area aggregation; high-cost designations; alternative technology; affordability and scalability assessment

Coordinates statewide promotion, local meetings, and potential enrollment events to increase awareness and use of broadband subsidies.

Activities and approach: ACP education; flyers; town halls; partner coordination; enrollment events

closing the final identified coverage gaps in Bedford County through a mix of fiber and low-Earth-orbit satellite service

Activities and approach: BEAD funding; ZiTel fiber construction for most locations; LEO satellite service for harder-to-reach locations; county/federal coordination

Creates a lower-cost municipal connectivity model combining a private wireless network, public Wi-Fi, edge infrastructure and public-private financing, with planned replication in smaller U.S. cities.

Activities and approach: Private wireless municipal network; solar-powered micro-servers; edge computing; AI-based cybersecurity; public Wi-Fi; towers on public buildings; student wireless-technician training; phased city replication

Combines advanced communications infrastructure with business-development space to strengthen the rural technology economy.

Activities and approach: Technology park; advanced communications; cooperative development

Measures how broadband adoption and locally rooted providers relate to business formation, income, GDP, and resilience.

Activities and approach: Propensity-score matching; county data analysis; rural case study; policy recommendations

Would reduce institutional technology disparities by expanding high-tech laboratories, facilities, and digital infrastructure at colleges serving historically underserved populations.

Activities and approach: Invest in campus high-tech labs, modern facilities, and digital infrastructure; connect the investment to research, education, career pathways, and institutional capacity

Combined rural infrastructure investment, low-income subsidies, and public or cooperative network support into a national universal-access platform.

Activities and approach: Invest $20 billion in rural broadband; triple USDA rural broadband grants; partner with municipal utilities; support Lifeline subsidies; prevent state barriers to municipal and cooperative broadband; restore broadband-provider oversight

Uses trusted faith leaders to promote broadband programs, training, advocacy, and ACP enrollment.

Activities and approach: Community education; leadership development; ACP outreach; digital-equity advocacy

Advances an affirmative framework for equitable AI, privacy, broadband, devices, digital literacy, platform accountability, environmental justice, and community oversight.

Activities and approach: Research; policy advocacy; campaigns; coalition building; community oversight

Moves the community from dependence on outside carriers toward tribally controlled broadband infrastructure, improving local accountability, long-term investment and digital sovereignty.

Activities and approach: Purchase of local telephone exchange; tribal broadband network development; Wi-Fi and broadband connectivity; infrastructure planning, funding and operations

Reduced device-cost barriers through affordable refurbished computers and local support.

Activities and approach: Refurbishment; low-cost computer distribution.

building regional understanding, advocacy capacity, and coordinated action around broadband and digital opportunity.

Activities and approach: Community/stakeholder education; broadband advocacy; coalition building; digital opportunity engagement

bringing hands-on robotics, coding and digital-literacy resources closer to rural youth

Activities and approach: Purchase robotics kits and tablets; recurring STEM workshops; drop-in technology activities; summer learning

Coordinates cross-border-region action on connectivity, devices, affordability and digital skills across jurisdictions that share common access challenges.

Activities and approach: Regional coalition coordination; broadband planning; outreach; device access; digital-skills training; affordability advocacy; infrastructure initiatives

Provides free high-capacity Wi-Fi and a trusted location for internet access and digital-skills learning.

Activities and approach: High-capacity Wi-Fi; community access; digital-skills learning

Quantifies how affordable, uncapped home broadband and refurbished computers affect first-time adoption, daily use, education, parent engagement, workforce activity, data consumption, savings, and satisfaction.

Activities and approach: Draw random sample of 2,930 subscribers; conduct CATI survey with trained former digital-inclusion participants; collect 415 responses; link survey responses to three months of usage records; publish generalizable findings

Reduced public telecommunications costs while providing long-standing gigabit institutional capacity and broader community connectivity.

Activities and approach: Self-provision phone service; connect schools with gigabit service; operate municipal broadband infrastructure

Evaluates four ACP design criticisms and proposes eligibility, verification, and device-benefit reforms for a more sustainable affordability program.

Activities and approach: Program-design analysis; eligibility and verification review; policy recommendations

Improved the clarity, comparability, accessibility, and multilingual availability of broadband service information.

Activities and approach: Comments on pricing, bundles, accessibility, performance, reliability, cybersecurity, privacy, languages, and interactive labels

Provides financial incentives to ISPs to expand high-speed service where deployment is financially challenging.

Activities and approach: Competitive/provider financial incentives and broadband infrastructure deployment.

Provides financial incentives to ISPs to expand high-speed service in difficult-to-serve areas.

Activities and approach: Provider incentives and infrastructure deployment.

Would create granular fixed and mobile broadband maps, a fabric of serviceable locations, challenge and crowdsourcing processes, audits, and funding controls.

Activities and approach: Broadband data collection; location fabric; crowdsourcing; challenges; audits; maps

Created an expert forum to identify deployment barriers and produce reusable local policy tools.

Activities and approach: Expert recommendations; deployment-friendly model code; review of siting, permitting, and infrastructure practices

Created a cross-agency governance structure to reduce federal deployment barriers while addressing Tribal, public-safety, security, and environmental responsibilities.

Activities and approach: Interagency strategy; progress reporting; policy coordination; federal-property and Tribal-land deployment oversight

Funds broadband deployment and can support adoption, though source argues for greater balance among fiber, alternative technologies, affordability, and literacy.

Activities and approach: Fiber; fixed wireless; satellite; hybrid solutions; affordability and digital-literacy uses.

Extends infrastructure to rural areas and fosters ISP-community partnerships.

Activities and approach: Infrastructure expansion and ISP/community partnerships.

Combines broadband access and formal digital-literacy training with employment outcomes.

Activities and approach: Digital skills training; internet use; job-search support

Would exclude qualifying federal broadband deployment grants from taxable income so awards remain available for construction.

Activities and approach: Amendment to Internal Revenue Code; bipartisan legislation

Created a structured process for agencies to share deployment and award information, identify overlaps, and improve the efficient use of federal broadband funds.

Activities and approach: Real-time data sharing; proposed-award deduplication; coordination across RDOF, ReConnect, Tribal Broadband Connectivity, BDC, BEAD, and other programs; data-standardization and transparency recommendations

Subsidizes infrastructure projects to extend reliable high-speed broadband.

Activities and approach: Infrastructure grants; 75 percent project-cost subsidy

Subsidizes infrastructure costs to extend reliable high-speed broadband.

Activities and approach: 75% project-cost subsidy for qualifying broadband infrastructure.

Accelerates last-mile projects by connecting providers with technology vendors and potential implementation partners.

Activities and approach: Curated buyer-supplier meetings; hosted-buyer schedules; vendor research; partnership formation; knowledge exchange on fiber builds

Coordinated federal actions intended to accelerate broadband deployment and adoption.

Activities and approach: Interagency action items; federal coordination.

Combines FCC and BLS sources to compare advertised plans, quality-adjusted prices, household expenditures, speed tiers, income groups, inflation, and post-ACP trends.

Activities and approach: Urban Rate Survey analysis; price indices; expenditure analysis; income comparison

Uses public funding, assets, and rights-of-way with private expertise to expand infrastructure, adoption, digital literacy, and smart-city services under enforceable contracts.

Activities and approach: Partner selection; contracts; funding; rights-of-way; monitoring; accountability

Expanded broadband infrastructure, public computer access, training, and sustainable adoption.

Activities and approach: Infrastructure grants; public computer centers; adoption programs; training and support.

Helps communities identify federal broadband funding opportunities across agencies.

Activities and approach: Searchable database of federal broadband funding programs.

Used free digital library cards and electronic catalog access to extend information access beyond geographic boundaries.

Activities and approach: Free digital library cards; remote electronic catalog access; nationwide youth enrollment

Extends fiber-optic broadband into rural Brown County communities where students and households previously depended on public Wi-Fi.

Activities and approach: Fiber construction; network expansion; service activation; rural household and business connections

Would accelerate wireless buildout by removing identified barriers to transmission infrastructure on previously developed or contaminated sites.

Activities and approach: Streamline regulatory treatment and construction of wireless transmission infrastructure on brownfield sites; reduce deployment delays

creating shared middle-mile infrastructure intended to support broader local broadband availability and digital inclusion.

Activities and approach: Operate municipal middle-mile network; use public-private partnership model to support connectivity

Expanded broadband infrastructure and anchor-institution connectivity.

Activities and approach: 123 infrastructure projects.

Provided broadband access, computers, digital training, job training, and educational resources.

Activities and approach: 66 public computer center projects.

Promoted sustained broadband adoption through innovative local programs.

Activities and approach: 44 adoption projects.

Connects a large share of the county’s remaining unserved and underserved locations through a specific state-county-provider build.

Activities and approach: Use state grant and county ARPA funds; construct high-speed infrastructure; connect 967 locations; coordinate county, state, and provider implementation

Modernized regulation to encourage facilities-based competition and new network investment.

Activities and approach: Market-based regulatory framework for business data services

Would release a large contiguous block of mid-band spectrum for 5G while maintaining incumbent satellite services and accelerating transition deadlines.

Activities and approach: Public auction of 280 MHz; 20 MHz guard band; repacking incumbents into upper 200 MHz; relocation reimbursement; accelerated-clearing payments

expanding high-speed broadband availability to locations that previously lacked adequate service or greater choice

Activities and approach: broadband deployment

Commits large-scale state resources to broadband infrastructure and wider high-speed access.

Activities and approach: State funding; broadband infrastructure; connectivity projects

Supported statewide and localized outreach, awareness, and enrollment events before the ACP enrollment freeze.

Activities and approach: Direct notifications; localized outreach; onsite enrollment assistance

Creates the largest state survey in its series and a comparable evidence base for California’s Digital Equity and BEAD plans, including deeper estimates for populations often missed by statewide averages.

Activities and approach: Conduct multilingual random-digit-dial telephone and text-to-web survey; collect 1,899 main-sample and 1,661 oversample responses; oversample rural regions, prepaid-phone users, and rehabilitation clients; analyze historical trends and policy-relevant outcomes

strengthening local broadband planning and grant capacity by restoring consortia functions and increasing available support

Activities and approach: Amendment of California Advanced Services Fund consortia account; broader regional-consortia responsibilities; use of CPUC fee surpluses for funding

Would modernize state communications policy to encourage reliable high-speed investment while focusing the transition on communities most affected by the digital divide.

Activities and approach: Update state law; establish a transition from legacy copper; encourage wired and wireless high-speed investment; maintain public-interest and consumer protections; support equitable implementation

Expands access to devices, connectivity, training, and support for populations at elevated risk of digital exclusion.

Activities and approach: Technology access; devices; training; digital support

Funds broadband deployment, adoption, and technical assistance through six coordinated programs.

Activities and approach: Capital grants; fiber deployment; affordable-housing broadband and Wi-Fi; no-cost internet; digital literacy; AI skills; broadband enrollment support; technical assistance

Refreshes statewide evidence annually to track progress against digital-equity goals, objectives, and service gaps.

Activities and approach: Annual survey revision and administration; public data; progress tracking

Provides devices and hotspots needed for distance learning during the COVID-19 disruption.

Activities and approach: Fundraising; in-kind donations; device procurement; hotspot distribution

Coordinates state entities and stakeholders to promote broadband deployment and adoption and monitor Broadband for All implementation.

Activities and approach: Quarterly governance; progress monitoring; interagency coordination

Centralizes low-cost offers, planning resources, progress tracking, asset information, and engagement materials supporting statewide implementation.

Activities and approach: Web portal; low-cost offer finder; progress tracker; public resources; stakeholder information

Funds trusted community organizations to deliver affordability enrollment, device support, digital navigation, digital literacy, and workforce services in-language and in-culture.

Activities and approach: Paid service placements; IT career training; navigation; device support; literacy classes; local grants

Creates an interactive, continually updated inventory of digital-inclusion providers and gaps, including a planned asset map for incarcerated people.

Activities and approach: Digital Equity Ecosystem Mapping; public database; provider inventory; service-gap analysis

funding holistic community technology projects that can address broadband gaps, affordability, device access and digital skills training.

Activities and approach: Competitive grants; broadband connections; device access; digital literacy training; holistic school/community projects

Creates a direct, recurring mechanism for covered populations to shape and monitor state digital-equity implementation.

Activities and approach: Quarterly advisory meetings; community participation; implementation feedback

Coordinates infrastructure, affordability, devices, digital skills, data, partnerships, and evaluation through seven key activities.

Activities and approach: Statewide planning; capacity grants; digital navigation; mapping; literacy tools; subsidy outreach

Envisions a secure one-stop eligibility and identity service that reduces application burdens and improves access to public benefits.

Activities and approach: Digital identity; eligibility verification; integrated benefits access; cybersecurity

Improves broadband-data transparency by adding information, user features, self-reported data submission, and validation requirements.

Activities and approach: Interactive mapping; public submissions; data validation; transparency

Provides capital and financing support to connect end users to the statewide middle-mile network and other broadband infrastructure.

Activities and approach: Local Agency Technical Assistance; Federal Funding Account; Loan-Loss Reserve Fund

Creates a statewide open-access backbone that enables last-mile extensions into communities lacking adequate service.

Activities and approach: Fiber and conduit construction, leasing, purchasing, maintenance, and operations

Creates a common multilingual, accessible framework and certificate to strengthen provider capacity and consistent service quality.

Activities and approach: Best-practice framework; provider certificate; universal design; assistive-technology accessibility

Provides the primary funding vehicle for community capacity, state-led digital inclusion services, and statewide tools implementing the Digital Equity Plan.

Activities and approach: Subgrants; program expansion; statewide tools and platforms; oversight

Transitions the planning group into a quarterly implementation forum that provides subject-matter guidance to state agencies.

Activities and approach: Quarterly convening; implementation advice; cross-sector coordination

Provides accessible, multilingual, standardized digital-skills modules and assessments that local providers can use at scale.

Activities and approach: Learning management system; skills modules; assessments; privacy and cybersecurity content

Funds broadband deployment, telehealth, distance learning, affordability, and digital inclusion on Tribal lands.

Activities and approach: Infrastructure deployment; telehealth; distance learning; affordability; digital inclusion

Combines college-preparatory education with hands-on information-technology and career preparation.

Activities and approach: Information technology curriculum; hands-on learning; workforce preparation

supporting digital literacy, broadband adoption, and broader digital opportunity through sustained community programming.

Activities and approach: Digital literacy and digital opportunity programming; internet/broadband and adoption work referenced by source topics

Expanded broadband infrastructure during the pandemic and beyond.

Activities and approach: 16 broadband infrastructure projects funded through CARES Act.

Addresses skills, confidence and affordability barriers after network availability by training users and helping households enroll in affordable broadband.

Activities and approach: Eight digital literacy projects; two statewide call-center projects; digital and AI skills; broadband enrollment and affordability support

Combines building-level broadband infrastructure with no-cost service to address both connectivity and affordability barriers for low-income households.

Activities and approach: Install broadband and Wi-Fi infrastructure; provide at least 100/20 Mbps service; free broadband for residents

Provides culturally grounded, one-to-one assistance that connects residents with devices, skills, services, and suitable home connectivity.

Activities and approach: Regular office hours at four community sites; individualized coaching; laptop access; email and basic skills; wireless and satellite setup; home visits and resource navigation

Coordinates connectivity, device and skills resources into a resident-centered pathway and extends digital navigation beyond simple access toward effective participation in an AI-driven economy.

Activities and approach: Digital navigator assistance; affordable internet enrollment; device access; digital skills training; troubleshooting; AI readiness; coordinated service referrals

Addressed cost, perception, and relevance barriers with multilingual media and referrals.

Activities and approach: Television, radio, print, Spanish/English/Chinese messaging, 2-1-1 referral.

Helped consumers compare DSL, cable, and wireless service and ask informed subscription questions.

Activities and approach: Ordering Broadband webpage; service comparison; training aid.

Provided a bundled home-learning environment rather than hardware alone.

Activities and approach: Desktop computers; discounted broadband; technical support; digital literacy training.

Delivers high-capacity institutional connections at substantially lower recurring cost and enables shared educational technology resources.

Activities and approach: Connect school and college sites; provide gigabit WAN service; consolidate information-technology expenses; supply Internet transit

Provides free refurbished computers together with productivity tools, affordability information, tutoring, and skills assessment to support sustained adoption.

Activities and approach: Distribution of 20,000 refurbished laptops; preloaded software; setup hardware; ACP referrals; technology tutoring; literacy assessment and classes

Redirected a buildout obligation toward currently unserved locations rather than duplicative overbuild.

Activities and approach: Elimination of overbuild requirement; unserved-location network expansion

Combines county ARPA funding and Charter investment with reporting and permitting commitments to extend broadband infrastructure.

Activities and approach: Infrastructure deployment; ARPA match; reporting; permitting

Provides locally controlled high-capacity connectivity with recurring utility benefits, avoided costs, and broad household and business adoption.

Activities and approach: Finance and construct fiber to the premises; operate municipal Internet service; integrate network with electric-utility operations

Uses gigabit connectivity, open data, and library innovation space to expand digital participation and civic problem solving.

Activities and approach: Open data platform; GigLab; applications; innovation programming

Builds Tribal-controlled infrastructure to eliminate dangerous dead zones and enable education, health, emergency response, and economic participation.

Activities and approach: Construct 15 cell towers; use the Kenwood tower as an implementation model; coordinate sites and carriers; expand voice and data coverage; monitor community health and education benefits

Creates accessible community connection points and a dedicated learning space for residents who cannot depend on home broadband.

Activities and approach: Operate 35 Wi-Fi zones; provide drive-up or community internet access; maintain the Catoosa Connected Learning Center; provide educational tools and space; link residents to wider Cherokee Connect services

Delivered immediate household connectivity at pandemic scale so residents could continue school, health, and essential activities during network disruption and isolation.

Activities and approach: Acquire and distribute AT&T mobile hotspots; prioritize disconnected households; enable remote learning and essential online access; coordinate Tribal emergency response

Provides Native students with personal computers and school supplies that support learning in communities affected by limited connectivity and device access.

Activities and approach: Host a back-to-school event; distribute 150 laptops and backpacks; coordinate student eligibility and school participation; connect families with wider Cherokee digital-access efforts

Would build a locally rooted navigator workforce to provide trusted, continuing help with access, devices, and digital skills.

Activities and approach: Design digital navigator internships; connect interns with residents; align service with education, workforce, and health priorities

Used trusted local stories, tech organizers, and tailored outreach to increase broadband adoption.

Activities and approach: Neighborhood marketing; awareness; community organizations; digital-youth components.

Addresses device access while pairing technology with workforce opportunities and training resources.

Activities and approach: Laptop lottery giveaway; employer connections; workforce training providers; community technology access event

Provides no-cost public Wi-Fi across municipal spaces, increasing connectivity options for residents who may lack reliable home service while also supporting connected city services.

Activities and approach: More than 1,500 wireless access points; free municipal Wi-Fi; cloud-based AI network management; traffic management; environmental sensors; public-safety camera connectivity

closing service gaps by extending municipal fiber and no-cost or low-cost connectivity into neighborhoods with persistent broadband barriers

Activities and approach: Underground fiber construction; neighborhood connections; free Wi-Fi support in affordable housing communities

Tests trusted-messenger outreach and assisted enrollment methods for reaching households underserved by conventional ACP promotion.

Activities and approach: Community grants; navigator onboarding; outreach; application and provider enrollment support; data collection

Extended trusted-messenger ACP outreach and enrollment assistance across Memphis and surrounding rural counties.

Activities and approach: Community outreach; enrollment assistance; navigator support; follow-up

Builds public understanding and coordinated pressure for restored, durable affordability assistance while addressing trust and reenrollment after the ACP funding lapse.

Activities and approach: Publish policy snapshot; educate civil-rights groups; advocate temporary and permanent ACP funding; connect ACP to USF reform; coordinate coalition messaging, legislator outreach, media engagement, and a possible national day of action

Strengthened parent engagement with school digital resources through training, refurbished computers, and low-cost 4G.

Activities and approach: Parent University electives; digital literacy; refurbished computer incentive; Mobile Citizen low-cost 4G.

Provides a GIS-based way to retrieve federal data and document the eligibility and needs of nearby low-income anchor communities.

Activities and approach: GIS dashboard; Census and broadband data; 15-mile eligibility analysis; proposal support

Delivered gigabit fiber without federal grant support and reduced combined Internet and telephone costs for participating rural households.

Activities and approach: Self-finance and construct a gigabit FTTH network; mobilize member outreach, yard signs, and letters; provide broadband and voice savings

Converted travel time into connected learning time while extending a recognizable Wi-Fi access point into underserved areas.

Activities and approach: Wi-Fi routers on school buses; homework access during travel; mobile community connectivity

Builds coordinated nonprofit capacity around digital accessibility, opportunity, outreach, and service delivery.

Activities and approach: Coalition formation; stakeholder coordination; digital-accessibility planning

Uses computer-based cognitive assessment and exercises as a value-added reason to adopt and use broadband.

Activities and approach: CogniFit software; assisted computer learning

Dedicated laptops expanded job search, online courses, and public-benefit application access.

Activities and approach: Customized laptops in 50 libraries; job/resume tools; Colorado PEAK benefits access.

bringing broadband access to additional households and businesses across multiple Allen County communities

Activities and approach: Network expansion and Xfinity/business service activation

Builds digital capability and adoption support for people and communities affected by digital exclusion, addressing skills and participation barriers.

Activities and approach: Targeted digital inclusion activities described in the cited source

expanding high-speed broadband availability to locations that previously lacked adequate service or greater choice

Activities and approach: Completed Xfinity and Comcast Business network expansion

extending broadband service into additional communities and completing a state-funded rural deployment

Activities and approach: State-funded network construction and staged service activation

connecting previously unserved rural locations across five Eastern Ohio counties

Activities and approach: State-partnered broadband construction and service expansion

Combines state funds and Comcast matching investment to extend broadband under Indiana's Next Level Connections program.

Activities and approach: Broadband deployment; grant match; state-ISP partnership

Reduced affordability, device, and skills barriers through a bundled low-cost adoption offer for families with school-age children.

Activities and approach: $9.95 monthly broadband; $150 computers; digital-literacy training; expanded eligibility and higher speed

Extended an integrated low-cost Internet, digital-skills, and discounted-device program to a newly eligible veteran population.

Activities and approach: $9.95 broadband; digital-skills training; discounted computers

expanding high-speed broadband availability to locations that previously lacked adequate service or greater choice

Activities and approach: Xfinity network construction across multiple Jackson County communities; more than halfway complete

bringing fixed broadband infrastructure and an additional service option to 2,400 locations

Activities and approach: Network construction and staged service activation

Provides free internet access and digital skills resources through neighborhood institutions.

Activities and approach: Public Wi-Fi; digital skills

expanding broadband and business-service availability throughout Deerfield

Activities and approach: Network construction and Xfinity residential/business service activation

making additional fixed broadband and business services available across a smaller Maine community

Activities and approach: Network construction and Xfinity service activation

Combined low-cost service, affordable devices, digital literacy, network expansion, and anchor-institution connectivity.

Activities and approach: Internet below $10/month; devices below $150; digital-literacy education; network expansion; free anchor-institution service

Extends high-speed broadband into western Massachusetts communities through a coordinated series of locally tailored public-private builds.

Activities and approach: Launch gigabit service; construct last-mile networks; coordinate with municipalities and the Massachusetts Broadband Institute; connect homes and businesses; support continuing grant applications

Uses electric-utility reserve fiber as shared middle-mile infrastructure that multiple ISPs can license to reduce barriers to affordable neighborhood service.

Activities and approach: Build reserve middle-mile fiber; license capacity to any qualified ISP; establish partnership agreements; connect neighborhood last-mile networks; coordinate federal grant compliance

Examines whether billions in network reinvestments and contractor task orders are justified, fairly priced, aligned to public-safety priorities, and translated into adoption and coverage.

Activities and approach: Audit reinvestment idea generation and selection; assess independent government cost estimates; review contractor performance and task orders; evaluate adoption and coverage; track corrective actions

Creates an oversight agenda intended to protect historic broadband investments from weak staffing, improper spending, fraud, nonperformance, and inaccessible records.

Activities and approach: Audit NTIA staffing capacity and CAA grant monitoring; require material qualifications and performance goals; flow requirements to subrecipients; obtain attestations; review submissions; refer suspected fraud; preserve accessible records and recovery rights

Creates a recurring public status baseline for six major broadband programs and supports risk-based oversight of nearly $50 billion in federal investments.

Activities and approach: Issue semiannual reports; track appropriations, awards, grant counts, program milestones, staffing, challenges, and OIG reviews; identify emerging oversight priorities

Collected firsthand consumer evidence about unavailable, misreported, dial-up-only, or prohibitively expensive service to expose mapping errors affecting funding eligibility.

Activities and approach: Create broadbandfail@fcc.gov; solicit public accounts of mapping failures; collect reports from multiple states; use evidence to challenge census-block availability assumptions

Would inventory federal assets and streamline approvals, forms, fees, contracts, rights-of-way, pole attachments, and environmental and historic review.

Activities and approach: Federal asset inventory; permitting; pole attachments; rights-of-way; standardized forms

Sought to ensure that federal broadband maps represent the connectivity of institutions that often provide essential community access but can be overlooked in location-level reporting.

Activities and approach: FCC implementation request; community-anchor location inclusion; speed, price, and service-quality reporting; Broadband DATA Act mapping guidance

Would remove state barriers to community networks and reward open-access designs that allow multiple retail providers to use shared infrastructure.

Activities and approach: Prohibit state municipal-network barriers; give open-access networks preference in broadband subsidy competitions; support municipal and public-private builds

Would create a durable financing channel, modeled on the CDFI Program, for mission-driven organizations strengthening the human infrastructure of broadband.

Activities and approach: Establish a market-based program; provide financial-assistance awards and technical-assistance grants; finance products and services offered by community-based digital-equity organizations

Trusted navigation and refurbished devices help people get and stay online; article warns unstable funding undermines trust.

Activities and approach: Digital navigation; refurbished devices

Made existing public and community connectivity visible and easier for students to use.

Activities and approach: Mapping of free Wi-Fi and homework locations; identification of libraries, city halls, and participating businesses

Adapted training schedules to seasonal work patterns to improve access to digital literacy.

Activities and approach: Seasonally scheduled classes; community information center training.

Proposes repurposed local buildings, public Wi-Fi spaces, school-bus connectivity, and community partnerships during school disruptions.

Activities and approach: Small-group classrooms; equipment redeployment; Wi-Fi; digital parks; community partnerships

Expands collection and redistribution of donated devices to people who cannot afford computers.

Activities and approach: Nationwide device donation; refurbishment; redistribution

Connected eligible Latino households to affordable internet through trusted community outreach and ACP enrollment support.

Activities and approach: Affordable-broadband information; ACP outreach; enrollment assistance.

Uses trusted neighborhood hubs to connect residents with internet, devices, computers, training, and practical digital support.

Activities and approach: Operate technology hubs; provide free internet and computer access; distribute or connect residents with devices; deliver digital-literacy services; coordinate neighborhood partners

Older federal program used to support broadband expansion in high-cost areas.

Activities and approach: Broadband subsidies

Converted auction rules into funded deployment commitments at substantially lower cost than initially estimated.

Activities and approach: Competitive bidding; ten-year provider support; voice and broadband service obligations

Used cost-effective reverse-auction rules to direct fixed broadband support to unserved areas while avoiding overbuilding.

Activities and approach: Reverse auction; cost-effectiveness selection; targeting of unsubsidized unserved areas

Tested competitive methods for supporting next-generation voice and broadband networks in high-cost areas and informing CAF Phase II bidding.

Activities and approach: Single-round competitive bids; ETC designation; census-block eligibility; cost-effectiveness scoring; ten-year support; service obligations

Combined statewide broadband mapping with outreach and low-cost ISP options.

Activities and approach: Broadband mapping grant; BTOP adoption project; low-cost broadband application/referral.

Provides free broadband service so disconnected students can participate in online learning and educational opportunities from home.

Activities and approach: Student eligibility coordination; free broadband service; Department of Education partnership

Coordinates BEAD and related state and federal efforts under one public-facing structure intended to connect all Hawaiʻi residents and sustain the resulting assets.

Activities and approach: Coordinate BEAD, Digital Equity, Capital Projects Fund, and Tribal Broadband Connectivity work; align agencies and counties; conduct outreach; publish program information; track outcomes

Combined immediate network restoration with longer-term broadband expansion across the U.S. Virgin Islands.

Activities and approach: Short-term restoration; long-term fixed broadband; medium-term 4G LTE; universal-service funding

Built workforce digital literacy through hospital partnerships.

Activities and approach: Digital literacy training with local hospitals.

Mobilized government, nonprofit, and private-sector partners around low-cost broadband and digital literacy.

Activities and approach: Cross-sector partnership; low-cost service; digital-literacy training; adoption-barrier reduction

Combined device distribution and trusted outreach to increase awareness and adoption of affordable broadband offers.

Activities and approach: Device-distribution partnership; promotion of Internet Essentials through adoption partners and job centers

Coordinates nearly $1 billion in BEAD resources toward universal access, affordability, and digital inclusion.

Activities and approach: Broadband infrastructure; affordability; digital literacy; local coordination

Organizes Pennsylvania implementation around five connected goals that address internet service, devices, skills, safe participation, and the capacity of trusted community partners.

Activities and approach: Five-goal implementation framework; quantified actions; grant requirements; partnerships; outreach; dashboards; accessibility and sustainability standards

Uses the California State Library network to extend digital inclusion and connectivity services and complement local efforts.

Activities and approach: Library connectivity; digital navigation; statewide program delivery

Proposed subsidizing broadband-enabled health services delivered directly to patients outside traditional facilities.

Activities and approach: Connected-care broadband support; home and community telehealth; low-income targeting

Taught digital literacy through college/career pathways and life skills.

Activities and approach: DIG/IT course; school-based digital literacy.

Supports community organizations in delivering accessible digital-skills workshops using AT&T resources.

Activities and approach: Digital-skills workshops; instructional materials; certificates; accessibility stipends; device opportunities

Pairs connectivity initiatives with library-provided training and access to essential digital services.

Activities and approach: Digital literacy; public-access computing; online services; community partnerships

Defines Connecticut’s integrated operating framework for achieving universal broadband access while addressing adoption, workforce, affordability, resilience, and accountability.

Activities and approach: Run deployment and nondeployment subgrants; connect all eligible locations and gigabit community anchor institutions; engage Tribal and local partners; require low-cost options; support workforce and supplier diversity; oversee performance and resilience

Funds symmetrical high-speed infrastructure in areas still lacking adequate service, with affordability requirements attached to participating providers.

Activities and approach: Award competitive infrastructure grants; prioritize low-income and multifamily areas; require 100/100 Mbps symmetrical service; require participating providers to offer eligible affordability benefits