Digital Divide Country Profile · Asia

ID

Indonesia

Closing the digital divide, expanding meaningful connectivity, and advancing digital education and workforce participation.

Location in the world

Indonesia

Flag of Indonesia

Asia

World map showing the location of IndonesiaIndonesia
🇮🇩
Population (2024)
283,487,931
Total area
1,904,569 km²
Area in square miles
735,357.9 mi²
Coastline
54,716 km
Base map adapted from Wikimedia Commons. Population: World Bank (2024); geography: CIA World Factbook.

National digital inclusion context

A portfolio-based view of access, capability, and outcomes.

This profile organizes the initiatives directly connected to Indonesia in the global research inventory. It follows the study's country-profile framework: national context, broadband infrastructure, inclusion practices, education and workforce connections, implementation actors, and intended contribution.

The documented portfolio emphasizes Backbone / Backhaul / Middle-Mile Infrastructure, Fiber / Fixed Broadband Infrastructure, Mobile / Wireless Infrastructure, Fiber/Fiber Optic, Satellite Broadband. The profile treats infrastructure, affordability, capability, institutions, support, and outcomes as an interconnected system.

Portfolio pattern

What the documented response contains.

Counts reflect source-workbook tags. One initiative may appear in multiple infrastructure or technology categories.

Infrastructure and access

  1. Backbone / Backhaul / Middle-Mile Infrastructure4
  2. Fiber / Fixed Broadband Infrastructure4
  3. Mobile / Wireless Infrastructure3
  4. Satellite Infrastructure3
  5. Digital Public Infrastructure2

Specific technologies

  1. Fiber/Fiber Optic4
  2. Satellite Broadband3
  3. 4G/LTE2
  4. 4G1
  5. Broadband internet up to 200 Mbps at reported sites1

Intervention classification

  1. Infrastructure and Specific Technology11
  2. Infrastructure only3
  3. Neither explicitly identified2
  4. Remote wireless backhaul and mobile-connectivity expansion1
  5. Specific Technology only1

Education and workforce

Connectivity becomes consequential through participation.

5 initiatives explicitly connect to education, K–12, or college/university contexts, and 1 connect to workforce development. Other investments may enable these outcomes indirectly.

Access

Networks, service availability, devices, and connection quality.

Capability

Skills, confidence, accessibility, navigation, and support.

Participation

Education, work, health, government, and civic opportunity.

Sustainability

Governance, operations, maintenance, funding, and learning.

Project and initiative portfolio

19 documented records

Every directly tagged record is shown with details and supporting URLs preserved from the research workbook.

01

Rural mobile broadband

700 MHz / 2.6 GHz spectrum award – 538 underserved villages 4G obligation

Awarded July 2026 / rollout · 538 villages/subdistricts
View details
Status / periodAwarded July 2026 / rolloutLocation538 villages/subdistrictsPopulationResidents with weak/no signalOrganizationsKomdigi; winning mobile operators

Closes a documented access, affordability, skills, institutional-capacity, or meaningful-use gap.

Activities and approach: Mandatory 4G service tied to spectrum award

Mobile / Wireless Infrastructure4G/LTE
02

Rural mobile broadband

BAKTI 4G BTS Programme for 3T Villages

Ongoing · Frontier, outermost and least-developed regions
View details
Status / periodOngoingLocationFrontier, outermost and least-developed regionsPopulationResidents of previously unserved villagesOrganizationsBAKTI Komdigi; mobile operators

Builds 4G base stations in non-commercial villages to eliminate mobile blank spots.

Activities and approach: 4G BTS; universal-access financing

Mobile / Wireless InfrastructureTower / Site Infrastructure4G/LTE
03

Rural broadband infrastructure

BAKTI non-commercial-area multi-technology connectivity program

Ongoing / 2026 · 3T/non-commercial regions
View details
Status / periodOngoing / 2026Location3T/non-commercial regionsPopulationRural and remote communitiesOrganizationsBAKTI Komdigi

Closes a documented access, affordability, skills, institutional-capacity, or meaningful-use gap.

Activities and approach: Fiber, microwave and satellite deployment where market investment is weak

Fiber / Fixed Broadband InfrastructureMobile / Wireless InfrastructureTelecommunications / Broadband InfrastructureFiber/Fiber Optic
04

Digital identity

Digital Population Identity (IKD) expansion

Operational / scaling · Nationwide
View details
Status / periodOperational / scalingLocationNationwidePopulationAdult residents with KTPOrganizationsMinistry of Home Affairs; national agencies

Closes a documented access, affordability, skills, institutional-capacity, or meaningful-use gap.

Activities and approach: Mobile digital identity app linked to national ID

Digital Identity / e-ID
05

Digital social protection

DPI social-assistance national scale-up

Scaling / 2026 · Nationwide
View details
Status / periodScaling / 2026LocationNationwidePopulationSocial-assistance beneficiariesOrganizationsNational Economic Council; government agencies

Closes a documented access, affordability, skills, institutional-capacity, or meaningful-use gap.

Activities and approach: National reuse of interoperable ID/data/payment rails

Digital Public Infrastructure
06

Digital public infrastructure

DPI social-assistance pilot – Banyuwangi

Pilot 2025 / national scale-up 2026 · Banyuwangi; planned national scale
View details
Status / periodPilot 2025 / national scale-up 2026LocationBanyuwangi; planned national scalePopulationSocial-assistance beneficiariesOrganizationsNational Economic Council; agencies

Closes a documented access, affordability, skills, institutional-capacity, or meaningful-use gap.

Activities and approach: Integrated ID, payments and data-sharing for benefit delivery

Digital Public Infrastructure
07

Mobile access / affordable devices

Indosat–Transsion Rural Digital Access Partnership

Partnership announced June 2025 · Rural and underserved communities across Indonesia
View details
Status / periodPartnership announced June 2025LocationRural and underserved communities across IndonesiaPopulationResidents facing connectivity and device-affordability barriersOrganizationsIndosat Ooredoo Hutchison; Transsion HoldingsFundingNot stated in source

Combines mobile connectivity and affordable smart-device access to expand participation in the digital economy.

Activities and approach: Rural mobile access expansion; affordable smart-device ecosystem; bundled digital services

Mobile broadband / end-user device accessMobile broadbandsmartphones
IT Brief Asia. (2025). Indosat & Transsion partner to boost rural digital access - IT Brief Asia. https://itbrief.asia/story/indosat-transsion-partner-to-boost-rural-digital-accessOpen supporting source ↗
08

Broadband and telecommunications deployment

IOH expands 4G coverage in rural Indonesia with ZTE microwave backbone deployment

Announced, active, or documented at source date · Indonesia
View details
Status / periodAnnounced, active, or documented at source dateLocationIndonesiaPopulationRural, remote, underserved, or unserved communities

Expands or enables connectivity for rural, remote, underserved, or unserved communities, addressing availability and service-quality barriers.

Activities and approach: Network deployment or expansion; connectivity delivery

Light Reading. (January 14, 2025). IOH expands 4G coverage in rural Indonesia with ZTE microwave backbone deployment. https://www.lightreading.com/2g-3g-4g/ioh-expands-4g-coverage-in-rural-indonesia-with-zte-microwave-backbone-deploymentOpen supporting source ↗
09

Remote wireless backhaul and mobile-connectivity expansion

Mimosa–Asia Quattro Net–Telkomsel Remote Indonesia Backhaul Deployment

Deployment reported May 23, 2026 · Remote Indonesian service areas
View details
Status / periodDeployment reported May 23, 2026LocationRemote Indonesian service areasPopulationCommunities outside cost-effective fiber reachOrganizationsMimosa Networks; Asia Quattro Net; Telkomsel

using point-to-point wireless backhaul to extend reliable connectivity in remote areas

Activities and approach: Deployment of point-to-point wireless backhaul linked to Telkomsel service expansion

Rural wireless backhaul networkPoint-to-point wireless backhaul
Kitsap Sun. (2026). Mimosa Enables Asia Quattro Net and Telkomsel to Expand Connectivity Across Remote Indonesia. https://www.kitsapsun.com/press-release/story/749035/mimosa-enables-asia-quattro-net-and-telkomsel-to-expand-connectivity-across-remote-indonesiaOpen supporting source ↗
10

National fiber backbone

Palapa Ring Barat (West)

Operational · Western Indonesia
View details
Status / periodOperationalLocationWestern IndonesiaPopulationOperators and communities outside profitable backbone routesOrganizationsBAKTI Komdigi; Palapa Ring operators

Provides government-backed national fiber backbone in western non-commercial areas.

Activities and approach: Fiber-optic backbone

Fiber / Fixed Broadband InfrastructureBackbone / Backhaul / Middle-Mile InfrastructureFiber/Fiber Optic
11

National fiber backbone

Palapa Ring Tengah (Central)

Operational · Central Indonesia
View details
Status / periodOperationalLocationCentral IndonesiaPopulationIsland and remote communitiesOrganizationsBAKTI Komdigi; Palapa Ring operators

Provides fiber backbone through central Indonesian islands to reduce regional bandwidth gaps.

Activities and approach: Terrestrial and submarine fiber backbone

Fiber / Fixed Broadband InfrastructureBackbone / Backhaul / Middle-Mile InfrastructureFiber/Fiber Optic
12

National fiber backbone

Palapa Ring Timur (East)

Operational · Eastern Indonesia / Papua and eastern islands
View details
Status / periodOperationalLocationEastern Indonesia / Papua and eastern islandsPopulationRemote communities and operatorsOrganizationsBAKTI Komdigi; Palapa Ring operators

Provides backbone connectivity in the highest-cost eastern regions, enabling downstream operator investment.

Activities and approach: Terrestrial/submarine fiber backbone

Fiber / Fixed Broadband InfrastructureBackbone / Backhaul / Middle-Mile InfrastructureFiber/Fiber Optic
13

Satellite broadband backbone

SATRIA-1 150 Gbps high-throughput satellite capacity

Operational · 3T and border regions
View details
Status / periodOperationalLocation3T and border regionsPopulationRemote public-service sites and communitiesOrganizationsBAKTI Komdigi; PPP partners

Closes a documented access, affordability, skills, institutional-capacity, or meaningful-use gap.

Activities and approach: 150 Gbps HTS capacity; 11 ground stations

Satellite InfrastructureBackbone / Backhaul / Middle-Mile InfrastructureSatellite Broadband
14

Public-service connectivity

SATRIA-1 150,000 public-service site target

Implementation through 2025 · Remote/3T Indonesia
View details
Status / periodImplementation through 2025LocationRemote/3T IndonesiaPopulationSchools, health facilities, local government and public servicesOrganizationsBAKTI Komdigi

Closes a documented access, affordability, skills, institutional-capacity, or meaningful-use gap.

Activities and approach: Remote terminals connected by satellite

15

Community satellite broadband

SATRIA-1 community and customary-village access expansion

Implementation / 2025-2026 · 3T and customary villages
View details
Status / periodImplementation / 2025-2026Location3T and customary villagesPopulationRemote communities and customary villagesOrganizationsBAKTI Komdigi

Closes a documented access, affordability, skills, institutional-capacity, or meaningful-use gap.

Activities and approach: Community access points using SATRIA-1

Satellite InfrastructureSatellite Broadband
16

Emergency connectivity

SATRIA-1 disaster-emergency internet deployment

Operational / 2025 · Disaster-affected areas
View details
Status / periodOperational / 2025LocationDisaster-affected areasPopulationResidents, responders and public agenciesOrganizationsBAKTI Komdigi; BNPB; SAR; TNI

Closes a documented access, affordability, skills, institutional-capacity, or meaningful-use gap.

Activities and approach: Rapid satellite terminals for emergency communications

Telecommunications / Broadband Infrastructure
17

Satellite broadband

SATRIA-1 Public-Service Broadband

2023–ongoing · 3T and border regions nationwide
View details
Status / period2023–ongoingLocation3T and border regions nationwidePopulationSchools, health centres, government and security facilitiesOrganizationsBAKTI Komdigi; PSN consortium

Uses a 150 Gbps high-throughput satellite to connect public-service locations beyond terrestrial networks.

Activities and approach: HTS satellite; 11 gateways

Satellite InfrastructureSatellite Broadband
18

Connectivity resilience

SATRIA-1 Sangihe–Sitaro emergency capacity boost

Implemented June 2026 · Sangihe and Sitaro islands
View details
Status / periodImplemented June 2026LocationSangihe and Sitaro islandsPopulationResidents, government, education, health and economic usersOrganizationsKomdigi; BAKTI

Closes a documented access, affordability, skills, institutional-capacity, or meaningful-use gap.

Activities and approach: 50-150 Mbps satellite capacity at 154 sites

19

School connectivity / digital learning

Sekolah Rakyat Digital Connectivity and Skills Support

National rollout beginning 2025 · Sekolah Rakyat locations across Indonesia
View details
Status / periodNational rollout beginning 2025LocationSekolah Rakyat locations across IndonesiaPopulationStudents from low-income and vulnerable families; teachersOrganizationsIndonesia Ministry of Communication and Digital; Ministry of Social Affairs; mobile-network operatorsFundingNot stated in source

Ensures that new Sekolah Rakyat sites can participate in connected digital learning rather than reproducing geographic and income-based access gaps.

Activities and approach: Internet provisioning; high-speed school connectivity; digital-skills curriculum; LMS-enabled learning; coding and digital-ethics instruction

Institutional / school connectivity infrastructureBroadband internet up to 200 Mbps at reported sites4Glearning management system
ANTARA News. (2025). Indonesia seeks bridging digital divide through Sekolah Rakyat - ANTARA News. https://en.antaranews.com/news/362857/indonesia-seeks-bridging-digital-divide-through-sekolah-rakyatOpen supporting source ↗

Evidence boundary

Read the portfolio as a starting point, not a final verdict.

Project records document interventions and intended contributions; they do not alone prove nationwide coverage, causal impact, or durable closure.

Profiles will deepen as national statistics, policy documents, evaluations, and implementation evidence are incorporated. Source links allow inspection of underlying evidence.

Evidence and contextProfile Sources

These sources support the country-level demographic, geographic, and connectivity context. Sources tied to individual projects remain with their project records and are not repeated here.

  1. Central Intelligence Agency. (n.d.). Indonesia. The World Factbook. Retrieved September 26, 2026, from https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/indonesia/
  2. International Telecommunication Union. (n.d.). ITU DataHub: Country ICT data. Retrieved September 26, 2026, from https://datahub.itu.int/
  3. World Bank. (n.d.). Individuals using the Internet (% of population): Indonesia. World Development Indicators. Retrieved September 26, 2026, from https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/IT.NET.USER.ZS?locations=ID
  4. World Bank. (n.d.). Population, total: Indonesia. World Development Indicators. Retrieved September 26, 2026, from https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.POP.TOTL?locations=ID

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