Infrastructure and access
- Fiber / Fixed Broadband Infrastructure4
- Mobile / Wireless Infrastructure4
- Backbone / Backhaul / Middle-Mile Infrastructure2
- Last-Mile / Access Infrastructure2
- Telecommunications / Broadband Infrastructure2
Digital Divide Country Profile · North America
CU
Cuba
Closing the digital divide, expanding meaningful connectivity, and advancing digital education and workforce participation.
Location in the world
Cuba
North America
Cuba🇨🇺
- Population (2024)
- 10,979,783
- Total area
- 110,860 km²
- Area in square miles
- 42,803.27 mi²
- Coastline
- 3,735 km
National digital inclusion context
A portfolio-based view of access, capability, and outcomes.
This profile organizes the initiatives directly connected to Cuba in the global research inventory. It follows the study's country-profile framework: national context, broadband infrastructure, inclusion practices, education and workforce connections, implementation actors, and intended contribution.
The documented portfolio emphasizes Fiber / Fixed Broadband Infrastructure, Mobile / Wireless Infrastructure, Backbone / Backhaul / Middle-Mile Infrastructure, 4G/LTE, Fiber/Fiber Optic. The profile treats infrastructure, affordability, capability, institutions, support, and outcomes as an interconnected system.
Portfolio pattern
What the documented response contains.
Counts reflect source-workbook tags. One initiative may appear in multiple infrastructure or technology categories.
Specific technologies
- 4G/LTE4
- Fiber/Fiber Optic3
- Wi-Fi2
- 2G/GSM1
- Submarine Fiber-Optic Cable1
Intervention classification
- Infrastructure and Specific Technology7
- Infrastructure only3
Education and workforce
Connectivity becomes consequential through participation.
1 initiative explicitly connect to education, K–12, or college/university contexts, and 0 connect to workforce development. Other investments may enable these outcomes indirectly.
Networks, service availability, devices, and connection quality.
Skills, confidence, accessibility, navigation, and support.
Education, work, health, government, and civic opportunity.
Governance, operations, maintenance, funding, and learning.
Project and initiative portfolio
10 documented records
Every directly tagged record is shown with details and supporting URLs preserved from the research workbook.
01International broadband backbone
Arimao Submarine Fiber-Optic Cable
Operational since 2023 · Cienfuegos–MartiniqueView details
International broadband backbone
Arimao Submarine Fiber-Optic Cable
Operational since 2023 · Cienfuegos–MartiniqueStatus / periodOperational since 2023LocationCienfuegos–MartiniquePopulationNational Internet usersOrganizationsETECSA; international cable partners
Adds and diversifies international Internet capacity; capacity was expanded to about 380 Gbps.
Activities and approach: Submarine fiber
02Institutional/digital financial connectivity
Banking-System Connectivity for Electronic Payments
2023–ongoing · Banking system nationwideView details
Institutional/digital financial connectivity
Banking-System Connectivity for Electronic Payments
2023–ongoing · Banking system nationwideStatus / period2023–ongoingLocationBanking system nationwidePopulationCitizens and businessesOrganizationsETECSA; banking system
Upgrades banking connectivity to support Transfermóvil, EnZona and remote banking services.
Activities and approach: Institutional telecom infrastructure; payment platforms
03Rural mobile broadband
Cienfuegos Rural LTE 900 MHz Expansion
2025 · Juraguá, Horquita, Potrerillo, Ciego Montero, Barajagua, Guaos, Real Campiña, ArizaView details
Rural mobile broadband
Cienfuegos Rural LTE 900 MHz Expansion
2025 · Juraguá, Horquita, Potrerillo, Ciego Montero, Barajagua, Guaos, Real Campiña, ArizaStatus / period2025LocationJuraguá, Horquita, Potrerillo, Ciego Montero, Barajagua, Guaos, Real Campiña, ArizaPopulationRural residentsOrganizationsETECSA Cienfuegos
Reuses lower-frequency LTE spectrum/equipment to bring 4G to remote communities previously relying on 2G.
Activities and approach: LTE 900 MHz
04Rural/mobile broadband
Granma Rural Radio-Base Expansion
2025–2026 · Troya, La Pesquera, Campechuela/Buey ArribaView details
Rural/mobile broadband
Granma Rural Radio-Base Expansion
2025–2026 · Troya, La Pesquera, Campechuela/Buey ArribaStatus / period2025–2026LocationTroya, La Pesquera, Campechuela/Buey ArribaPopulationResidents and health-service usersOrganizationsETECSA Granma
Adds radio bases, battery resilience and 4G coverage in new/remote communities.
Activities and approach: Radio bases; 4G; battery backup
05Public-institution broadband
Institutional Connectivity Expansion – Health and Education
Ongoing · Health and education institutionsView details
Public-institution broadband
Institutional Connectivity Expansion – Health and Education
Ongoing · Health and education institutionsStatus / periodOngoingLocationHealth and education institutionsPopulationPatients, students and staffOrganizationsETECSA; ministries
Expands and improves institutional connectivity for major public-service sectors.
Activities and approach: Institutional Internet
Education
06Mobile broadband
National 4G Coverage Expansion
Ongoing · Provincial/municipal centres and additional areasView details
Mobile broadband
National 4G Coverage Expansion
Ongoing · Provincial/municipal centres and additional areasStatus / periodOngoingLocationProvincial/municipal centres and additional areasPopulationMobile subscribersOrganizationsETECSA
Expands higher-speed mobile Internet coverage as a major national access channel.
Activities and approach: LTE/4G radio network
07National backbone
National Fiber Backbone Capacity Expansion
2025 · NationwideView details
National backbone
National Fiber Backbone Capacity Expansion
2025 · NationwideStatus / period2025LocationNationwidePopulationInternet users and public servicesOrganizationsETECSA / Ministry of Communications
Expands fiber-backbone capacity to carry rising digital-transformation traffic.
Activities and approach: Fiber backbone capacity upgrades
08Public transport Internet access
National Train Wi-Fi Project
Pilot/testing to implementation · National railway servicesView details
Public transport Internet access
National Train Wi-Fi Project
Pilot/testing to implementation · National railway servicesStatus / periodPilot/testing to implementationLocationNational railway servicesPopulationRail passengersOrganizationsSolintel; ETECSA; Cuban Railways
Adds Wi-Fi connectivity on national trains and evaluates LTE-R/fiber integration for coverage gaps.
Activities and approach: Onboard Wi-Fi; LTE-R; fiber integration
09Household fixed broadband
Nauta Hogar Fixed Home Internet Expansion
Ongoing · Nationwide / popular councilsView details
Household fixed broadband
Nauta Hogar Fixed Home Internet Expansion
Ongoing · Nationwide / popular councilsStatus / periodOngoingLocationNationwide / popular councilsPopulationHouseholdsOrganizationsETECSA
Expands home Internet access beyond public and mobile access; hundreds of thousands of homes connected.
Activities and approach: Fixed home broadband
10Public/community Internet access
Public Internet Navigation Solutions in Popular Councils
Ongoing · 1,183+ popular councilsView details
Public/community Internet access
Public Internet Navigation Solutions in Popular Councils
Ongoing · 1,183+ popular councilsStatus / periodOngoingLocation1,183+ popular councilsPopulationResidents without home InternetOrganizationsETECSA
Extends shared/public Internet availability geographically across the country.
Activities and approach: Public navigation/Wi-Fi facilities
Evidence boundary
Read the portfolio as a starting point, not a final verdict.
Project records document interventions and intended contributions; they do not alone prove nationwide coverage, causal impact, or durable closure.
Profiles will deepen as national statistics, policy documents, evaluations, and implementation evidence are incorporated. Source links allow inspection of underlying evidence.
Evidence and contextProfile Sources+
These sources support the country-level demographic, geographic, and connectivity context. Sources tied to individual projects remain with their project records and are not repeated here.
- Central Intelligence Agency. (n.d.). Cuba. The World Factbook. Retrieved September 26, 2026, from https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/cuba/
- International Telecommunication Union. (n.d.). ITU DataHub: Country ICT data. Retrieved September 26, 2026, from https://datahub.itu.int/
- World Bank. (n.d.). Individuals using the Internet (% of population): Cuba. World Development Indicators. Retrieved September 26, 2026, from https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/IT.NET.USER.ZS?locations=CU
- World Bank. (n.d.). Population, total: Cuba. World Development Indicators. Retrieved September 26, 2026, from https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.POP.TOTL?locations=CU